Being too close to your subject makes them feel uncomfortable and it is recommended to give them 2 metres space. Therefore a focal length of 80-120mm works well. I use a 70-200mm lens for my portrait work which allows me to get further away from my subjects.
Another reason why a longer focal length is important is because by flattening the perspective all the facial features are shown close to their true size. A wide angle lens used up close distorts the facial features and exaggerates the size of the nose etc. Not a very flattering look.
18mm
You can easily see that the facial features are distorted with the nose looking extremely big.
50mm
This looks much better with the facial features looking more realistic.
105mm
Here the facial features look best and in the best perspective.
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